Colonies are usually fast growing, pale or brightly colored (depending on the species) and may or may not have a cottony aerial mycelium. The color of the thallus varies from whitish to yellow, brownish, pink, reddish or lilac shades. Species of Fusarium typically produce both macro- and microconidia from slender phialides. Macroconidia are hyaline, two- to several-celled, fusiform- to sickle-shaped, mostly with an elongated apical cell and pedicellate basal cell. Microconidia are 1- to 2-celled, hyaline, pyriform, fusiform to ovoid, straight or curved. Chlamydoconidia may be present or absent.
Clinical significance:
Most Fusarium species are soil fungi and have a world-wide distribution. Some are plant pathogens causing root and stem rot, vascular wilt or fruit rot. Other species cause storage rot and are important mycotoxin producers. Several species, notably F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. moniliforme, are recognized as being pathogenic to man and animals causing mycotic keratitis, onychomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis, especially in burn victims and bone marrow transplant patients.
Clinical manifestations of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium; include cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis following traumatic implantation. Peritonitis has also been reported in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Disseminated infections are similar to disseminated aspergillosis, however fungemia and ulcerated skin lesions are often more pronounced. The typical patient is granulocytopenic and receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics for unexplained fever.
REF: http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Fungal_Descriptions/Hyphomycetes_(hyaline)/Fusarium/ Access date: 13/oct/10
quarta-feira, 13 de outubro de 2010
domingo, 10 de outubro de 2010
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat.[1] Initially classified as Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type species of the genus Stenotrophomonas in 1993.
S. maltophilia are slightly smaller (0.7–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 micrometers) than other members of the genus. They are motile due to polar flagella and grow well on MacConkey agar producing pigmented colonies. S. maltophilia are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative (which distinguishes them from most other members of the genus) and have a positive reaction for extracellular DNase.
S. maltophilia is ubiquitous in aqueous environments, soil and plants, including water, urine, or respiratory secretions; it has also been used in biotechnology applications.[4] In immunocompromised patients, S. maltophilia can lead to nosocomial infections.
S. maltophilia is naturally resistant to many broad-spectrum antibiotics (including all carbapenems) and is thus often difficult to eradicate. Many strains of S. maltophilia are sensitive to co-trimoxazole and ticarcillin, though resistance has been increasing.[7] It is not usually sensitive to piperacillin, and sensitivity to ceftazidime is variable.
ref:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenotrophomonas_maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in the environment. It is intrinsically multi-drug resistant and occasionally causes bacteraemic and organ-specific infections in humans.
ref:http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/bacteria/stenotrophomonas-maltophilia.html
S. maltophilia are slightly smaller (0.7–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 micrometers) than other members of the genus. They are motile due to polar flagella and grow well on MacConkey agar producing pigmented colonies. S. maltophilia are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative (which distinguishes them from most other members of the genus) and have a positive reaction for extracellular DNase.
S. maltophilia is ubiquitous in aqueous environments, soil and plants, including water, urine, or respiratory secretions; it has also been used in biotechnology applications.[4] In immunocompromised patients, S. maltophilia can lead to nosocomial infections.
S. maltophilia is naturally resistant to many broad-spectrum antibiotics (including all carbapenems) and is thus often difficult to eradicate. Many strains of S. maltophilia are sensitive to co-trimoxazole and ticarcillin, though resistance has been increasing.[7] It is not usually sensitive to piperacillin, and sensitivity to ceftazidime is variable.
ref:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenotrophomonas_maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in the environment. It is intrinsically multi-drug resistant and occasionally causes bacteraemic and organ-specific infections in humans.
ref:http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/bacteria/stenotrophomonas-maltophilia.html
Kocuria sp
Kocuria species
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in pairs, tetrads (groups of four) and clusters that produces a white, yellow, pink or red colony. They are found in soil, water, and human skin. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic.
REF:http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in pairs, tetrads (groups of four) and clusters that produces a white, yellow, pink or red colony. They are found in soil, water, and human skin. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic.
REF:http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
Kocuria kristinae
Kocuria kristinae (Micrococcus kristinae)
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in tetrads (groups of four) which may form large adherent clusters. It produces pale cream to pale orange colonies. The primary habitat is mammalian skin. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic, but some strains may be opportunist pathogens
ref:http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
Kocuria, previously classified into the genus of Micrococcus, is commonly found on human skin.
ref:http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract&id=118764
Title: Kocuria kristinae infection associated with acute cholecystitis
Author: Ma Edmond ; Wong Chris ; Lai Kristi ; Chan Edmond ; Yam WC ; Chan Angus
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in tetrads (groups of four) which may form large adherent clusters. It produces pale cream to pale orange colonies. The primary habitat is mammalian skin. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic, but some strains may be opportunist pathogens
ref:http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
Kocuria, previously classified into the genus of Micrococcus, is commonly found on human skin.
ref:http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract&id=118764
Title: Kocuria kristinae infection associated with acute cholecystitis
Author: Ma Edmond ; Wong Chris ; Lai Kristi ; Chan Edmond ; Yam WC ; Chan Angus
Bacillus sp
STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION
Bacillus species are rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria; in some species cultures may turn Gram-negative with age. The many species of the genus exhibit a wide range of physiologic abilities that allow them to live in every natural environment. Only one endospore is formed per cell. The spores are resistant to heat, cold, radiation, desiccation, and disinfectants.
REF:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mmed&part=A925
Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.[1] Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species. Under stressful environmental conditions, the cells produce oval endospores that can stay dormant for extended periods. These characteristics originally defined the genus, but not all such species are closely related, and many have been moved to other genera.[2]
Clinical significance:
Two Bacillus species are considered medically significant: B. anthracis, which causes anthrax, and B. cereus, which causes a foodborne illness similar to that of Staphylococcus.[4] A third species, B. thuringiensis, is an important insect pathogen, and is sometimes used to control insect pests. The type species is B. subtilis, an important model organism. It is also a notable food spoiler, causing ropiness in bread and related food. B. coagulans is also important in food spoilage.
REF:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus
The soil, once considered their habitat, may simply serve as a reservoir. A growing number of studies show that Bacillus spores can be found in the intestinal tracts of animals, raising the question of whether this could be where they live and grow.
REF:Research in Microbiology
Volume 160, Issue 6, July-August 2009, Pages 375-379
Defining the natural habitat of Bacillus spore-formers
Huynh A. Honga, Ellen Toa, Saad Fakhryb, Loredana Baccigalupib, Ezio Riccab and Simon M. Cuttinga, ,
aSchool of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
bDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
Received 11 May 2009; accepted 24 June 2009. Available online 7 July 2009.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VN3-4WPJ635-1&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1491838345&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=91e599cc414bd093b4e792ee40c16c94&searchtype=a)
Bacillus species are rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria; in some species cultures may turn Gram-negative with age. The many species of the genus exhibit a wide range of physiologic abilities that allow them to live in every natural environment. Only one endospore is formed per cell. The spores are resistant to heat, cold, radiation, desiccation, and disinfectants.
REF:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mmed&part=A925
Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.[1] Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species. Under stressful environmental conditions, the cells produce oval endospores that can stay dormant for extended periods. These characteristics originally defined the genus, but not all such species are closely related, and many have been moved to other genera.[2]
Clinical significance:
Two Bacillus species are considered medically significant: B. anthracis, which causes anthrax, and B. cereus, which causes a foodborne illness similar to that of Staphylococcus.[4] A third species, B. thuringiensis, is an important insect pathogen, and is sometimes used to control insect pests. The type species is B. subtilis, an important model organism. It is also a notable food spoiler, causing ropiness in bread and related food. B. coagulans is also important in food spoilage.
REF:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus
The soil, once considered their habitat, may simply serve as a reservoir. A growing number of studies show that Bacillus spores can be found in the intestinal tracts of animals, raising the question of whether this could be where they live and grow.
REF:Research in Microbiology
Volume 160, Issue 6, July-August 2009, Pages 375-379
Defining the natural habitat of Bacillus spore-formers
Huynh A. Honga, Ellen Toa, Saad Fakhryb, Loredana Baccigalupib, Ezio Riccab and Simon M. Cuttinga, ,
aSchool of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
bDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
Received 11 May 2009; accepted 24 June 2009. Available online 7 July 2009.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VN3-4WPJ635-1&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1491838345&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=91e599cc414bd093b4e792ee40c16c94&searchtype=a)
Dermatococcus nishinomiyaensis
Dermatococcus nishinomiyaensis (Micrococcus nishinomyaensis)
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in pairs, tetrads (groups of four) or irregular clusters of tetrads with bright orange colonies. They are found on mammalian skin and in water. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic for humans
REF
http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
Lineage
› cellular organisms
› Bacteria
› Actinobacteria
› Actinobacteria (class)
› Actinobacteridae
› Actinomycetales
› Micrococcineae
› Dermacoccaceae
› Dermacoccus
REF:http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1274#
An aerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable coccus occurring in pairs, tetrads (groups of four) or irregular clusters of tetrads with bright orange colonies. They are found on mammalian skin and in water. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic for humans
REF
http://www.pureaircontrols.com/glossary.html
Lineage
› cellular organisms
› Bacteria
› Actinobacteria
› Actinobacteria (class)
› Actinobacteridae
› Actinomycetales
› Micrococcineae
› Dermacoccaceae
› Dermacoccus
REF:http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1274#
Assinar:
Postagens (Atom)